Amanita strobiliformis
| Amanita strobiliformis | |
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| Species: | A. strobiliformis
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| Amanita strobiliformis (Paulet ex Vittad.) Bertill.
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Amanita strobiliformis is a species of mushroom. It is commonly referred to as Warted Amanita.
Description
The cap is 3 to 10 inches across, is rough with warts which sometimes fall away leaving the cap smooth, whitish, and sometimes has some brown. The gills are free and rounded behind. The veil is large and sometimes adhere to the margin of the cap. The stipe (stem) is 3 to 8 inches long, thick, white, bulbous, and sometimes weighs a pound. The spores are elliptical.[1]
Edibility
The genus Amanita contains some of the most toxic fungi known. Some amanitas are deadly in only very small doses, while others are relatively harmless and sometimes even considered fit for human consumption. There are different views on A. strobiliformis edibility. Some sources advice against consuming them, other sources considers them edible.
Toxicity
Amanita strobiliformis contains ibotenic acid and muscimol like Amanita muscaria and Amanita pantherina.[2][3] In combination with muscimol, ibotenic acid is a neurotoxin that can cause brain lesions. In many sources the mushroom is said to be harmless, but still then its edibility is doubted and uncertain,[1][4][5][6] so caution should be taken before consuming this fungus. As with many other fungi, and plants in general, toxin levels may vary depending on the growing conditions, which in turn may explain the differences in evaluating edibility.
Habitat
The species can be found in light woods or on the borders of the woods, usually by itself or in clusters.[5] The mushroom is rare.[7]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 MclLVAINE, Charles; K. Macadam, Robert (1973). One Thousand American Fungi. Dover Publications, Inc. p. 19.
- ↑ Michael Edward Peterson, Patricia A. Talcott (2006). "61". Small animal toxicology (PDF). Missouri, United States: Elsevier Saunders. p. 869. ISBN 978-0-7216-0639-2.
- ↑ Ammirati Joseph F., Traquair James A.; Paul A. Horgen (1985). "11 (Ibonetic acid-muscimol)". Poisonous mushrooms of the northern United States and Canada (PDF). United States: University of Minnesota Press. p. 168. ISBN 0-8166-1407-5.
In Japan, Amanita strobiliformis (Paulet ex Vittad.) Bertillon is reported to contain ibotenic acid (Benedict 1972)
- ↑ New York Botanical Garden, Mycological Society of America (1910). Mycologia, Volume 2. New York Botanical Garden. p. 261.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Taylor, Thomas (1897). Student's hand-book of mushrooms of America edible and poisonous, Issues 1-5. A. R. Taylor. p. 8.
- ↑ Chambers Coker, William (1917). The Amanitas of the Eastern United States. Elisha Mitchell Society. p. 74.
- ↑ Joseph Berkeley, Miles (1860). Outlines of British fungology: containing characters of above a thousand species of Fungi, and a complete list of all that have been described as natives of the British Isles. L. Reeve. p. 90.
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